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- Other five major of strategic business objectives except operational excellence
a. New products, services, and business models
e.g. Apple’s Macbookpro Touchbar 2016
b. Customer and supplier intimacy
e.g. Mujigae Korean restaurant use apple iPad for their customers who order the menu and check the billing.
c. Improved decision making
e.g. Traveloka application based on digital where they doing all the services at the real time, so customers will complains and they received and response at that time.
d. Competitive advantage
e.g. Apple company with Samsung
e. Survival
e.g. Telkomsel introducing the T-Cash
- DSS :
a. Support for decision-makers in semi-structured and unstructured problems.
b. Support for managers at various managerial levels, ranging from top executive to line managers.
c. Support for individuals and groups. Less structured problems often requires the involvement of several individuals from different departments and organization level.
d. Support for interdependent or sequential decisions.
e. Support for intelligence, design, choice, and implementation.
f. Support for variety of decision processes and styles.
g. DSSs are adaptive over time.
MIS:
a. Management oriented
b. Management directed
c. Intergrated
- Suppliers : Supply the product
Firm: Company that distribute to people who will join to be reseller
Distributors: Reseller, or someone that we called as retail
Customers: someone who buy the product -
Five steps ethical analysis
a) Identify and clearly describe the facts.
b) Define the conflict or dilemma and identify the higher-order values involved.
c) Identify the stakeholders.
d) Identify the options that you can reasonably take.
e) Identify the potential consequences of your options.
- SAN : A storage area network is a network which provides access to consolidated, block level data storage.
-
DBMS
a) Interfaces between applications and physical data files
b) Separates logical and physical views of data
c) Solves problems of traditional file environment
d) Controls redundancy
e) Eliminates inconsistency
f) Uncouples programs and data
g) Enables organization to central manage data and data security
Operations of a Relational DBMS
Three basic operations used to develop useful sets of data
SELECT: Creates subset of data of all records that meet stated criteria
JOIN: Combines relational tables to provide user with more information than available in individual tables
PROJECT: Creates subset of columns in table, creating tables with only the information specified
- Network convergence is the efficient coexistence of telephone, video and data communication within a single network. The use of multiple communication modes in a single network offers convenience and flexibility not possible with separate infrastructures. Network convergence is also called media convergence.
In response to consumer demand, convergence has been evolving on the Internet ever since its inception. Nowadays, texting, Web surfing, VoIP (voice over IP), streaming media, videoconference applications, online gaming and e-commerce are all extensively engaged in by consumers, businesses, educational institutions and government agencies. All users demand high quality of service (QoS), quality of experience (QoE or QoX), robustness, moderate cost, standards compatibility, ease of modification and upgrading, security, privacy and freedom from malware.
@POKE
As network convergence evolves, major challenges confront network developers. Sheer demand for bandwidth is perhaps the most significant. As applications become more sophisticated and users exchange data of increasingly rich content, network resources can become overwhelmed. A key to effective network convergence therefore lies in the design, installation and maintenance of adequate hardware. Another challenge is the fact that the implementation of new technologies is limited by the extent to which investors and taxpayers are willing to support them. Still another key issue is the need for standards that ensure seamless operation with multiple end-user platforms and evolving communications modes. New technologies sometimes bring new types of traffic that place previously unknown demands on network hardware, operating systems, resources and software.
- CRM
- Improve the data you have
You have data coming in from your sales teams, even if its too much, too fragmented and stored in disparate locations. A CRM system will allow you to manage your data and improve the quality of the data by making it accessible in real-time, connected to a central database, and making it actionable across your company.
- Take action on data
A CRM system can help you get the insights you need to take action on your data. For example, which accounts have been neglected? With a CRM system you can set up activities to activate stagnant accounts. Without such insights, your sales teams are left in the dark and opportunities fall through the cracks.
- Manage sales team activity
What is your sales team up to? Are they making calls to prospects or existing customers? A sales leader can give teams direction to best meet business goals, all within their CRM system. Doing so will align your salespeople to mission critical tasks.
- Grow sales
Yes, CRM systems can help you grow sales…by better managing your sales teams. The key is that activities tracked in your CRM system need to clearly ladder up to the larger goal of increasing sales. If your sales teams is being tracked to increase prospect calls in order to increase territory coverage, it is possible that your CRM system will contribute to increased sales. But if you are tracking unrelated activities in your CRM– such as training or coaching– you may not influence sales.
- More informed decision making
CRM systems gather the data that you think is important and that you want to change, enabling you to review that data, and make decisions on it. While it can’t help you make better decisions, it can help you access the data to make more informed decisions. CRM at its most fundamental is a decision-making tool.
Now, here are five ways CRM can’t help.
- Manage revenue or pipeline
While your executives want you to increase revenue with your CRM system, what you are really managing are the activities that influence revenue, not the revenue itself. Many companies make the mistake of trying to manage revenue through CRM systems when in fact this is not manageable. If you instead use CRM to manage activities that focus your sales teams, you are on the road to revenue.
- Increase customer satisfaction
This is another unmanageable metric for a CRM system. While its possible to create a report for just about anything using a CRM system, reporting on customer satisfaction is out of your control. It involves factors that have involve not only sales outreach, but product features and customer service.
- Manage market share
While executives may not like to hear you say that you can’t manage market share in your CRM system, the fact is that a CRM system allows you to focus on metrics like closed deals and territory coverage which will result in increased market share, but you are not managing market share directly in your CRM system.
- Increase customer retention
Again, here you can influence customer retention, but you can’t manage and control all facets of this directly. CRM manages the activities around customer engagement, not the customer retention itself. You can’t make customer stay with you obviously, but you can do your part in managing the relationship using your CRM system.
- Hit Your Number
Yes, as disappointing as this seems, a CRM system will not help you hit your number. A business meets its goals due to contributions of sales, marketing, PR and other sources. Quarterly goals can’t be managed in a CRM system. What CAN be measured is what your teams are spending their time on to reach that goal.
The question is what do you need to do to influence these big metrics like revenue, customer retention and market share? You need to measure and report on activities that will influence these outcomes.
Rather than feeling that a CRM system is limited, you can feel liberated to focus on what you can control. For example, making more calls and increasing territory coverage. By doing so, you can reverse engineer success to get to the big goals.
IT ORGANIZATION
a large organization, the IT organization may also be charged with strategic planning to ensure that all IT initiatives support business goals. IT organizational structures vary and can be centralized or decentralized depending upon the needs of the company. In a large enterprise, the IT organization is typically managed by a Chief Information Officer (CIO). Smaller IT organizations might report up to an IT director or operations manager.
KPI
KPI software enables businesses to create, manage and analyze data from KPIs . The software allows organisations to enter their data into one specially designed system, or connect external services for faster and more accurate data collection. This type of software allows businesses to visualize and comprehend data from a number of KPIs that represent different areas of a business, all in one place. Companies benefit from KPI software through faster and more accurate data collection, instant reports on performance, and alerts when a KPI is over or under achieving. KPI Software centralizes businesses data, while simplifying real-time reporting to always give them a competitive edge. KPI Software increases data visibility as when it is in the cloud it is mobile.
Types of KPIs
Depending on your industry and the specific department you are interested in tracking, there are a number of KPI types your business will want to monitor. Each department will want to measure success based on specific goals and targets. Take a look at the departmental KPI examples below to learn more about the KPIs you should be measuring:
Sales Metrics & KPIs
Marketing Metrics & KPIs
Financial Metrics & KPIs
Social Media Metrics & KPIs
SEO Metrics & KPIs
DevOps Metrics & KPIs
Help Desk Metrics & KPIs
Insurance Metrics & KPIs
Retail Metrics & KPIs
Supply Chain Metrics & KPIs
Call Center Metrics & KPIs
Healthcare Metrics & KPIs
KPI Reports and Dashboards
To be useful, KPIs need to be monitored and reported on; if they change in real-time, they should be monitored in real-time. Dashboards are the perfect tool for your KPI reports as they can be used to visually depict the performance of an enterprise, a specific department, or a key business operation.
Here are some KPI reports and dashboard examples to demonstrate how you can present key performance indicators to your team:
Executive Dashboard Examples
Sales Dashboard Examples
Marketing Dashboard Examples
Social Media Dashboard Examples
SaaS Dashboard Examples
Business Dashboard Examples
DevOps Dashboard Examples
How to write and develop KPIs
When writing or developing a KPI, you need to consider how that KPI relates to a specific business outcome or objective. KPIs need to be customized to your business situation, and should be developed to help you achieve your goals. Follow these steps when writing a KPI:
- Write a clear objective for your KPI
- Share your KPI with stakeholders
- Review the KPI on a weekly or monthly basis
- Make sure the KPI is actionable
- Evolve your KPI to fit the changing needs of the business
- Check to see that the KPI is attainable
- Update your KPI objectives as needed
KPI Best Practices
Measuring and monitoring business performance is critical, but focusing on the wrong key performance indicators can be detrimental. So can be poorly structured KPIs, or KPIs that are too difficult, costly to obtain, or to monitor on a regular basis.
So what makes business performance indicators “key” and how should a business owner, executive or manager select them? There are six factors that separate effective, value creating KPIs from detrimental, value diminishing KPIs. The right KPIs for your business should follow these KPI best practices:
- Aligned – Make sure the KPIs your are choosing align with the strategic goals and objectives of your organization.
- Attainable – The KPIs you choose to measure should have data that can be easily obtained.
- Acute – KPIs should keep everyone on the same page and moving in the same direction.
- Accurate – The data flowing into the KPI should be reliable and accurate.
- Actionable – Does the KPI give you insight into the business that is actionable?
- Alive – Your business is always growing and changing. Your KPIs should evolve as well.
SOX
the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) is an act passed by U.S. Congress in 2002 to protect investors from the possibility of fraudulent accounting activities by corporations. The SOX Act mandated strict reforms to improve financial disclosures from corporations and prevent accounting fraud.
An IT control is a procedure or policy that provides a reasonable assurance that the information technology (IT) used by an organization operates as intended, that data is reliable and that the organization is in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.